Complicaciones en los pacientes quemados

Introducción: La lesión por quemadura es uno de los eventos más traumáticos y devastadores que puede sufrir un ser humano. Este evento térmico produce profundas alteraciones en los mecanismos sistémicos de defensa del huésped. Las complicaciones en grandes quemados comienzan en la fase inmediata de la inflamación producida tras sufrir la agresión térmica. Las complicaciones en los pacientes quemados se han asociado con un mal pronóstico, con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones en los pacientes quemados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal para describir las complicaciones en los pacientes quemados que ingresaron en la sala de Caumatología del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de la ciudad Camagüey en el período comprendido desde enero de 2021 hasta febrero de 2022. Se estudiaron 32 pacientes en quienes se tuvieron en cuenta las variables: índice de gravedad, complicaciones generales, las complicaciones hidroelectrolíticas y acido básicas, así el estado al egreso de los pacientes. Resultados: Hubo un predominio de pacientes con complicaciones en aquellos lesionados con insulto térmico severo, presentes en 24 pacientes para un 75 %. La infección de la lesión por quemaduras, la hiperglucemia, la anemia y los estados de deshidratación fueron las complicaciones que mayormente se presentaron en los pacientes estudiados. La totalidad de los fallecidos fueron del grupo de pacientes que presentaron complicaciones, ocho pacientes para un 25 %. Conclusiones: La infección de las quemaduras es la principal complicación del paciente quemado. La mayoría de los pacientes de esta serie egresaron vivos.

Introduction: Burn injury is one of the most traumatic and devastating events that a human being can suffer. This thermal event produces profound alterations in the host's systemic defense mechanisms. Complications in major burns begin in the immediate phase of inflammation produced after suffering thermal aggression. Complications in the burned patients are associated with a bad prognosis with a high morbility and mortality. Objective: To decribe the complications in burned patient. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-section study was carried out to determine the complications in the burned patients that were admitted in the service of Caumatology, of the Universitary Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech in Camagüey city between January, 2021 and February, 2022. 32 patients were studied and the following variables were evaluated: severity rate, general complications, and acid-basic and hydroelectrolytic complications, as well as the state at discharge of the patients. Results: There was a predominance of patients with complications, in those injured persons with thermic harsh insult, present in 24 patients for 75 %. The infection of the injury for burns, the hyperglycemia, the anemia and the states of dehydration were the complications that largely showed up in the studied patients. All of the dead persons belonged to patient's group that had complications, eight patients showed (25 %). Conclusions: The infection of the burns continues to be the main complication of the burned patient. Most of the patients in this series were discharged alive.

Application of Four in One model for diabetes management in hospital consortium / 中华全科医师杂志

In 2017,the Diabetes Management Center was founded in Shandong Third Provincial Hospital.On the basis of the center,a network was established which integrated the tertiary hospital,district hospitals,community health service institutions and family of patients forming the"Four in One"model of diabetes management.This article introduces the background,application,and preliminary accomplishments in individualized and standardized diabetic management of this internet plus model.The challenges and suggestions for future development of the "Four in One" model are also discussed.

Prospective cohort analyzing risk factors for chronic kidney disease progression in children / Coorte prospectiva que analisa os fatores de risco para progressão de doença renal crônica (DRC) em crianças

Abstract Objective: To identify risk factors for chronic kidney disease progression in Brazilian children and to evaluate the interactions between factors. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort in São Paulo, involving 209 children with CKD stages 3-4. The study outcome included: (a) death, (b) start of kidney replacement therapy, (c) eGFR decrease >50% during the followup. Thirteen risk factors were tested using univariate regression models, followed by multivariable Cox regression models. The terms of interaction between the variables showing significant association with the outcome were then introduced to the model. Results: After a median follow-up of 2.5 years (IQR = 1.4-3.0), the outcome occurred in 44 cases (21%): 22 started dialysis, 12 had >50% eGFR decrease, seven underwent transplantation, and three died. Advanced CKD stage at onset (HR = 2.16, CI = 1.14-4.09), nephrotic proteinuria (HR = 2.89, CI = 1.49-5.62), age (HR = 1.10, CI = 1.01-1.17), systolic blood pressure Z score (HR = 1.36, CI = 1.08-1.70), and anemia (HR = 2.60, CI = 1.41-4.77) were associated with the outcome. An interaction between anemia and nephrotic proteinuria at V1 (HR = 0.25, CI = 0.06-1.00) was detected. Conclusions: As the first CKD cohort in the southern hemisphere, this study supports the main factors reported in developed countries with regards to CKD progression, affirming the potential role of treatments to slow CKD evolution. The detected interaction suggests that anemia may be more deleterious for CKD progression in patients without proteinuria and should be further studied.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco para progressão da DRC em crianças do Brasil e avaliar as interações entre os fatores. Métodos: Coorte prospectiva multicêntrica em São Paulo, envolvendo 209 crianças com DRC em estágios 3-4. O desfecho do estudo incluiu: a) óbito, b) início da terapia de substituição renal, c) redução de > 50% na taxa estimada de filtração glomerular (eGFR) durante o acompanhamento. Foram testados 13 fatores de risco com o modelo de regressão univariada seguido do modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox. Os termos de interação entre as variáveis mostraram associação significativa e foram introduzidos ao modelo. Resultados: Após média de acompanhamento de 2,5 anos (IIQ = 1,4 a 3,0), 44 casos (21%) apresentaram desfecho: 22 iniciaram diálise, 12 apresentaram redução de > 50% na eGFR, sete foram submetidos a transplante e três morreram. Estágio avançado de DRC no acometimento (RR = 2,16, IC = 1,14-4,09), proteinúria nefrótica (RR = 2,89, IC = 1,49-5,62), idade (RR - 1,10, IC = 1,01-1,17), escore Z da pressão arterial sistólica (RR = 1,36, IC = 1,08-1,70) e anemia (RR = 2,60, IC - 1,41-4,77) foram associados ao resultado. Foi detectada interação entre anemia e proteinúria nefrótica na primeira visita (V1) (RR = 0,25, IC = 0,06-1,00). Conclusões: Como a primeira coorte de DRC no hemisfério sul, este estudo é concordante com os principais fatores relatados em países desenvolvidos com relação à progressão da DRC, afirmando o possível papel dos tratamentos para mostrar a evolução da DRC. A interação detectada sugere que a anemia pode ser mais nociva na progressão da DRC em pacientes sem proteinúria e deve ser ainda mais estudada.

Exploration into the medical model of medical alliances specialized in chronic wounds / 中华医院管理杂志

This paper rounded up the resources and advantages leveraged by the hospital′s burn and plastic surgery department as a national key discipline. The department practiced medical services for chronic wounds in the regional hierarchical medical system for chronic wounds to promote the development medical alliances. IT development of the hierarchical medical network has achieved disease information sharing, namely centralized patients screening, patients referral confirmation, mutual recognition of test results, online consultation and treatment follow-up. Other achievements include standardization of medical criteria for chronic wounds by means of effective integration of resources imbalance within the network and improvement of internal medical regulations; elevation of primary level innovation capacity and services by means of high-caliber specialists working at primary institutions and mutual exchanges in between; effective medical cost control via guarantee system building, thus enhancing the public benefit nature of public hospitals. The paper also probed into problems and solutions expected in the way of promoting the chronic wound hierarchical medical system.

The application of a mobile-phone based telemedicine of hierarchical medical system in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of a mobile-phone based two-way referral system on the timing of myocardial reperfusion and on a prognosis of patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods Patients with STEMI were divided into an intervention group whose first admission clinics were equipped with a telemedicine system at the first medical contact(FMC) ,and a control group without a telemedicine system at FMC. The rate of heart failure and cardiac death during hospitalization ,every time point of transporting process ,the value of left ventricular ejection fractions(LVEF)measured at 24 h ,and length of hospital stay were collected and compared. Results In comparison of intervention versus control group ,the timing of myocardial reperfusion at every time point was shorter ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ,the value of LVEF within 24 h was significantly lower[(46.8 ± 3.9)%]vs[(50.3 ± 5.1)%](t＝ 2.32 ,P＜ 0.05) ,the cardiac mortality was lower(4% vs 7%) ,without statistical significance(χ2＝0.19 ,P＝0.66) ,and the length of hospital stay were lower[(6.35 ± 3.68)d]vs[(8.64 ± 5.19)d]without statistical significance (t＝ 2.75 ,P＝0.01). Conclusions A mobile-phone based telemedicine can significantly shorten the time delay of myocardial reperfusion in patients with STEMI ,improve heart function in acute stage ,and reduce the length of hospital stay.

Investigation and analysis on application situation of Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of Obstetrics in Sichuan Province (version 2016) / 重庆医学

Objective To understand the implementation and application situation of Hierarchical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines of Obstetrics in Sichuan Province (version 2016).Methods The sampling survey was performed on the obstetric medical staffs from the various medical institutions in whole province by the questionnaire survey and on-spot investigation,and some tertiary hospital experts were interviewed.Results A total of 2015 valid questionnaires (93.85 ％) were received.Among them,1 369 people (77.7 ％) read the Guidelines;1 752 (95.0 ％) people thought that the Guidelines had practical operability in their hospitals;the causes considering that it had no practical operability were mainly disagree with referral by pregnant women or their family members,cumbersome referral,beds tension in superior hospital,etc.Improper referral sequencing was improper diagnosis and treatment during the referral process,non-standardized referral process,improper referral timing,no referral indications and so on.Conclusion The Guidelines promote the progress of obstetric hierarchical diagnostic and treatment work.It is necessary to strengthen the training of grassroots medical personnel and strengthen the management,supervision and assessment of referral.

The establishment and application of graded management under early warning for intrahospital transport / 中华护理杂志

Objective Through conducting the project of quality improvement for intrahospital transport of critically ill patients from ward to ICU,to establish graded management under early warning to improve transport efficiency and quality.Methods Through setting up project team,setting goals of quality improvement,measuring and analyzing transport status,the graded management under early warning was established from three aspects:condition,equipment and transport personnel.The graded management under early warning was applied to clinical nursing practice to evaluate the effects.Results There was no statistical difference before and after the implementation of graded management under early warning in gender,age and condition of critical ill patients between two groups,but the time of transport was significantly reduced after the implementation,while there was no equipment failure,and the incidence of adverse events associated with devices decreased effectively.Conclusion The establishment and application of graded management under early warning has effectively reduced the risks of transport,improved efficiency and quality of transport.

Perfil dos pacientes e carga de trabalho de enfermagem na unidade de nefrologia / Patient profile and nursing workload at the nephrology unit / Perfil de los pacientes y carga de trabajo de enfermería en la unidad de nefrología

A doença renal crônica, frequentemente silenciosa, pode resultar em mudanças consideráveis na vida do indivíduo, e, dependendo do seu estágio, requer internações para tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico, o que demanda horas de enfermagem na assistência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo que objetivou descrever o perfil dos pacientes internados na unidade de nefrologia e mensurar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o Nursing Activities Score,durante 47 dias consecutivos. Os pacientes foram, em sua maioria, do sexo masculino, adulto jovem, em estágio crônico da doença e internados para transplante renal. A média da carga foi de 52%, correspondendo a 12,5 horas de assistência, por paciente, nas 24 horas. Esse perfil se assemelha aos pacientes assistidos na unidade de terapia intensiva, tornando importante para o gerente de enfermagem reavaliar o quadro de pessoal para a assistência, e outros estudos serão necessários para reavaliar a carga requerida por esse perfil de pacientes.

Chronic kidney failure (CKF), which is frequently silent, can lead to considerable changes in the lives of patients. Depending on the stage, hospitalization and hours of nursing care are required to ensure medical and surgical treatment. The aim of this descriptive and quantitative study is to measure nursing workload at a nephrology unit based on daily application of the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) for 47 consecutive days. Patients were mostly young male adults in the chronic stage of the disease or admitted for kidney transplant. A total of 833 observations were obtained from 62 patients. The resulting NAS workload upon admission was 52%, corresponding to 12.5 hours of care per patient for 24 hours, which is similar to the workload found in intensive care units. This profile allows calculation of nursing work hours required for each patient, and is a valuable tool for nursing managers when determining the number of staff members required to ensure assistance. Other studies should be conducted for clinical validation.

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), frecuentemente silenciosa, puede resultar en cambios considerables en la vida del individuo y dependiendo de su etapa exige hospitalización para el tratamiento médico o quirúrgico, que necesita horas de atención de la enfermería. Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo con objeto de describir el perfil de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de nefrología y mensurar la carga de trabajo de enfermería, con la aplicación diaria del Nursing Activities Score (NAS) durante 47 días consecutivos. Los pacientes eran en su mayoría hombres jóvenes de mayor edad, en etapa crónica de la enfermedad y hospitalizados por trasplante de riñón. La carga de trabajo resultante del NAS fue del 52%, correspondiente a 12,5 horas de atención, por cliente, por 24 horas. Este perfil es similar al de los pacientes tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos a ser importante que la enfermera gestora evalúe al personal de asistencia y si necesitan otros estudios para evaluar la carga exigida por este perfil de pacientes.

Standardized early medical care of Lushan earthquake victims in army hospitals / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To summarize the experiences with early treatment of the wounded associated with 4 · 20 Lushan earthquake in army hospitals.Methods Emergency response programs were started and tent hospitals were set up.According to the basic principle of wartime wound treatment regulation,emergency triage,emergency medical care,transferring,specialized treatment and evacuation were performed for the wounded in this earthquake.Results After the earthquake,the emergency rescue programs were started in the hospital.Twenty minutes later,emergence medical team with full equipment were set out for the epicenter and the tent hospitals were set up.A total of 181 earthquake cases were admitted within two weeks,of which 68 (37.6％) were transferred from the scene of earthquake and 113 (62.4％) were transferred after the primary treatment (including cases evacuating from other hospitals).Forty-nine surgeries had been done,including 30 emergence ones.Thirty-four cases (including 14 severe wounded) were evacuated to superior hospitals as their vital signs turned stable.There was no death or surgical wound infection.Conclusions Peacetime complete emergence programs and materials reserves,unified and well-organized command as well as normative grading treatment system in army hospitals assure the standardized medical care with high efficiency and high quality for earthquake victims.However,more researches are needed over diagnosis methods and standards for wound severity,equipment improvement and standards for casualty evacuation.

Feasibility study on nursing standards of nursing home for the elders / 中华全科医师杂志

We investigated health condition and evaluate the viability of Barthel's measuring scale for 1297 elder patients at 17 nursing homes.We nursed all patients by standards and performed a comparison study.The nursing percentages of highest and lowest levels were higher than the previous ones ( P ＜ 0.01 ),while the nursing percentage of normal level was lower than the previous one ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The cooperation between doctors and nurses became optimized through progressive patient care.Ideal nursing standard should be based upon the doctors' judgment and nurses' evaluation.The new standard will be more suitable for patients and easier to control for nurses.